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Mesilla, New Mexico is in Doña Ana County. In 1848, the village of Mesilla was incorporated due to the fact that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo moved made a strip of land which contained Mesilla "no mans land." A small group of people became permanent settlers, and they had to be constantly vigilant due to the intermittent raids by the Apache. The Mesilla Guard, which was made up of one man from each household in the settlement. In 1854, the Gadsden Purchase made Mesilla part of the United States. Mesilla served for a time as the capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona during the American Civil War. After the Battle of Glorieta in March of 1862, the Confederate troops retreated to Texas due to shortage of supplies. This was the end of the War Between the States in New Mexico.

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